Multi-Sided Boundary Labeling

In the Boundary Labeling problem, we are given a set of $n$ points, referred to as sites, inside an axis-parallel rectangle $R$, and a set of $n$ pairwise disjoint rectangular labels that are attached to $R$ from the outside. The task is to connect the sites to the labels by non-intersecting rectilinear paths, so-called leaders, with at most one bend. In this paper, we study the Multi-Sided Boundary Labeling problem, with labels lying on at least two sides of the enclosing rectangle. We present a polynomial-time algorithm that computes a crossing-free leader layout if one exists. So far, such an algorithm has only been known for the cases in which labels lie on one side or on two opposite sides of $R$ (here a crossing-free solution always exists). The case where labels may lie on adjacent sides is more difficult. We present efficient algorithms for testing the existence of a crossing-free leader layout that labels all sites and also for maximizing the number of labeled sites in a crossing-free leader layout. For two-sided boundary labeling with adjacent sides, we further show how to minimize the total leader length in a crossing-free layout

Cooperation between direct manipulation and proactive software agents in agent based information systems

Die wissenschaftliche Informationsbeshaffung wird zunehmend durch digitale Bibliotheken und verteilte Internetquellen gestützt. Dadurch bietet sich dem Nutzer schon von seinem Arbeitsplatz aus eine Fülle von Informationsangeboten, deren Inhalte aber bisher weitgehend isoliert nebeneinander existieren. Tiefe Verknüpfungen auf verschiedenen Handlungsebenen sind notwendig für die tatsächliche Nutzung des Potentials an Mehrwert, die in Reichweite scheint. Die Unterstützung des Anwenders in Hinblick auf Informationskompetenz und Recherchestrategie ist eine Notwendigkeit für ein zufriedenstellendes Ergebnis; das zeigen sowohl die theoretische Analyse, als auch die empirischen Studien, die die Konzeption und Implementation des Informationssystems DAFFODIL begleitet haben. Die Integration der Informationsquellen und strategische Unterstützung durch höhere Suchfunktionen erleichtert das Erreichen der Ziele des Nutzers. Die Unsicherheit bei der Recherche kann durch kontextnahe Vorschläge und Hilfestellungen reduziert werden. Im Kern wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie der Zielkonflikt zwischen proaktivem Verhalten der Software-Agenten zur Unterstützung der Anwender und deren grundlegendem Bedürfnis nach Handlungsautonomie aufgelöst werden kann. Ausgehend von diversen bekannten Verwendungsmustern von Software-Agenten wird gefolgert, dass die weitgehende Bewahrung der Benutzerautonomie und die unaufdringliche Präsentation von Vorlagen den Bedürfnissen der Anwender am besten entspricht. Auch bei der föderierten Integration verteilter Datenquellen können Software-Agenten die Aufgaben der Integration, der Homogenisierung von Metadatenschemata und der damit verbundenen semantischen Heterogenitätsbehandlung und das Filtern und Relevanzbewerten zusammengeführter Resultate übernehmen. Die prototypische Implementation im Rahmen von DAFFODIL belegt, dass dies möglich und produktivitätssteigernd ist. Die in DAFFODIL vorgenommene vertikale Implementierung der erfolgversprechenden Konzepte in Bezug auf die Arbeitsteilung zwischen Informationssystem und Anwender – auf allen Ebenen – und die durchgängige Begleitung durch empirische Evaluation ruft zur ganzheitlichen Herangehensweise an fachbezogene Literaturrecherchesysteme vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Informationsfülle auf. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Das System kann nicht nur von Experten genutzt werden, sondern auch unerfahrene Anwender bei der erfolgreichen Recherche unterstützen

The immediate environment of the Class 0 protostar VLA1623, on scales of ~50-100 AU, observed at millimetre and centimetre wavelengths

We present high angular resolution observations, taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) and Multiple Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) radio telescopes, at 7mm and 4.4cm respectively, of the prototype Class 0 protostar VLA1623. At 7mm we detect two sources (VLA1623A & B) coincident with the two previously detected components at the centre of this system. The separation between the two is 1.2arcsec, or ~170AU at an assumed distance of 139pc. The upper limit to the size of the source coincident with each component of VLA1623 is ~0.7arcsec, in agreement with previous findings. This corresponds to a diameter of ~100AU at an assumed distance of 139pc. Both components show the same general trend in their broadband continuum spectra, of a steeper dust continuum spectrum shortward of 7mm and a flatter spectrum longward of this. We estimate an upper limit to the VLA1623A disc mass of <0.13Msol and an upper limit to its radius of ~50AU. The longer wavelength data have a spectral index of \alpha~0.6+/-0.3. This is too steep to be explained by optically thin free-free emission. It is most likely due to optically thick free-free emission. Alternatively, we speculate that it might be due to the formation of larger grains or planetesimals in the circumstellar disc. We estimate the mass of VLA1623B to be <0.15M$sol. We can place a lower limit to its size of ~30x7 AU, and an upper limit to its diameter of ~100AU. The longer wavelength data of VLA1623B also have a spectral index of \alpha~0.6+/-0.3. The nature of VLA1623B remains a matter of debate. It could be a binary companion to the protostar, or a knot in the radio jet from VLA1623A.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRA

A distinct four-value blood signature of pyrexia under combination therapy of malignant melanoma with dabrafenib and trametinib evidenced by an algorithm-defined pyrexia score

Pyrexia is a frequent adverse event of BRAF/MEK-inhibitor combination therapy in patients with metastasized malignant melanoma (MM). The study’s objective was to identify laboratory changes which might correlate with the appearance of pyrexia. Initially, data of 38 MM patients treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib, of which 14 patients developed pyrexia, were analysed retrospectively. Graphical visualization of time series of laboratory values suggested that a rise in C-reactive-protein, in parallel with a fall of leukocytes and thrombocytes, were indicative of pyrexia. Additionally, statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyrexia. An algorithm based on these observations was designed using a deductive and heuristic approach in order to calculate a pyrexia score (PS) for each laboratory assessment in treated patients. A second independent data set of 28 MM patients, 8 with pyrexia, was used for the validation of the algorithm. PS based on the four parameters CRP, LDH, leukocyte and thrombocyte numbers, were statistically significantly higher in pyrexia patients, differentiated between groups (F = 20.8; p = <0.0001) and showed a significant predictive value for the diagnosis of pyrexia (F = 6.24; p = 0.013). We provide first evidence that pyrexia in patients treated with BRAF/MEK-blockade can be identified by an algorithm that calculates a score

Atenção integral à saúde do idoso: enfermagem

Com foco na área e exercício da enfermagem, este material tem como objetivo compreender a atenção à saúde do idoso de maneira mais abrangente, de modo a incluir os diferentes olhares do trabalho em equipe nas questões relativas à atenção integral à saúde do idoso, os aspectos biológicos e sociais envolvidos no processo de envelhecimento, assim como medidas de promoção da saúde, preventivas de doenças e agravos, curativas e reabilitadoras, fundamentadas pela integralidade do cuidado1.0Ministério da Saúde/OPAS/OM

Atenção integral à saúde do idoso: medicina

Com foco na área e exercício da medicina, este material tem como objetivo compreender a atenção à saúde do idoso de maneira mais abrangente, de modo a incluir os diferentes olhares do trabalho em equipe nas questões relativas à atenção integral à saúde do idoso, os aspectos biológicos e sociais envolvidos no processo de envelhecimento, assim como medidas de promoção da saúde, preventivas de doenças e agravos, curativas e reabilitadoras fundamentadas pela integralidade do cuidado.1.0Ministério da Saúde/OPAS/OM

How well do local relations predict gas-phase metallicity gradients? : results from SDSS-IV MaNGA

Gas-phase metallicity gradients in galaxies provide important clues to those galaxies’ formation histories. Using SDSS-IV MaNGA data, we previously demonstrated that gas metallicity gradients vary systematically and significantly across the galaxy mass–size plane: at stellar masses beyond approximately 1010 M , more extended galaxies display steeper gradients (in units of dex/Re) at a given stellar mass. Here, we set out to develop a physical interpretation of these findings by examining the ability of local ∼kpc-scale relations to predict the gradient behaviour along the mass–size plane. We find that local stellar mass surface density, when combined with total stellar mass, is sufficient to reproduce the overall mass–size trend in a qualitative sense. We further find that we can improve the predictions by correcting for residual trends relating to the recent star formation histories of star-forming regions. However, we find as well that the most extended galaxies display steeper average gradients than predicted, even after correcting for residual metallicity trends with other local parameters. From these results, we argue that gas-phase metallicity gradients can largely be understood in terms of known local relations, but we also discuss some possible physical causes of discrepant gradients

Individual versus collective protection : bioethical analysis of the national program of mass child vaccination

A vacinação é considerada como uma das políticas de saúde pública mais efetivas e de menor custo-benefício, utilizada no controle e na prevenção de doenças. Mas é também considerada uma das técnicas biomédicas mais polêmicas e controversas, o que torna difícil evitar uma abordagem ética, principalmente quando a vacinação é utilizada de forma compulsória em toda a população. Com efeito, visto que as vacinas não são totalmente seguras e eficazes, há um conflito ético entre o interesse individual e o coletivo, pois as crianças carregam de fato o ônus da vacinação em benefício da saúde pública quando são acometidas com reações adversas graves e que ficam alheias aos cuidados que deveriam ser oferecidos pelo Poder Público. O objetivo deste artigo foi demonstrar que as ferramentas da bioética são relevantes nesta discussão para analisar e compreender criticamente estes conflitos, fornecendo argumentos cogentes para orientar a elaboração de biopolíticas que considerem não apenas, com rigor, a prevenção, mas, também, a responsabilidade solidária de todos como fundamento para uma proteção que seja tanto individual como coletiva.Vaccination is considered one of the most efficient and cost-effective public health policies most used in the control and prevention of disease. However, it is also one of the most polemic and controversial biomedical techniques, making it difficult to avoid an ethical dilemma, especially when vaccination is compulsory for the entire population. Indeed, since vaccines are not totally effective and safe, there is an ethical conflict between the individual and the collective interest, because children effectively carry the burden of vaccination for the benefit of public health when they are affected with serious adverse reactions and do not benefit from the care that should be offered by the government. The objective of this article was to demonstrate that the tools of bioethics are relevant in this discussion to understand and analyze these dilemmas critically by providing convincing arguments to underpin the development of biopolitics that consider prevention not only rigorously, but also the joint responsibility of all as fundamental for individual and collective protection

Análise de ferramentas e tecnologias de desenvolvimento de software para dispositivos móveis: estudo de caso aplicado à implementação de um sistema especialista na área de segurança do trabalho

Anais do V Encontro de Iniciação Científica e I Encontro Anual de Iniciação ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Inovação – EICTI 2016 - 05 e 07 de outubro de 2016 – Sessão EngenhariasA geração atual de dispositivos móveis permite que os usuários realizem um conjunto de tarefas, antes realizadas em computadores, estando conectados ou não à Internet. Podem-se destacar como principais características da computação móvel a mobilidade e flexibilidade que engloba também portabilidade, usabilidade e conectividade desses dispositivos. Já um Sistema Especialista (SE) é uma ferramenta que representa uma forma automática de auxílio à tomada de decisão, baseando-se no conhecimento existente naquele assunto (REZENDE, 2001). Isto permite melhorar a eficiência e prevenir erros em análises realizadas por especialistas em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Considerando as vantagens da mobilidade de dispositivos móveis e o uso dos Sistemas Especialistas, objetivo geral neste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de funcionalidades adicionais para um sistema especialista móvel, denominado Sistema Especialista Em Segurança do Trabalho (SEST). Este aplicativo realiza o diagnóstico de salubridade do ruído em um ambiente de trabalho, conforme descrito em (NADAI, 2013) e pela Norma de Higiene Ocupacional 01 – NHO-01 (FUNDACENTRO, 2001

Characterization and optimization of laser-generated THz beam for THz based streaking

At the Ferninfrarot Linac- und Test-Experiment (FLUTE) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) a new and compact method for longitudinal diagnostics of ultrashort electron bunches is being developed. For this technique, which is based on THz streaking, strong electromagnetic pulses with frequencies around 240 GHz are required. Therefore, a setup for laser-generated THz radiation using tilted-pulse-front pumping in lithium niobate was designed, delivering up to 1 µJ of THz pulse energy with a conversion efficiency of up to 0.03 %. In this contribution we study the optimization of the THz beam transport and environment